MPIDS Colloquium: Modeling cell migration: from 2D to 3D

MPIDS Colloquium

  • Datum: 21.10.2020
  • Uhrzeit: 14:15 - 15:15
  • Vortragende(r): Prof. Dr. Alex Mogilner
  • New York University, NY, USA
  • Ort: Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation (MPIDS)
  • Raum: Video conference at www.zoom.us Meeting ID: 959 2774 3389 Passcode: 651129
  • Gastgeber: MPIDS / LMP
  • Kontakt: ramin.golestanian@ds.mpg.de
Cell migration is a fundamentally important phenomenon underlying wound healing, tissue develop-ment, immune response and cancer metastasis. Understanding basic physics of the cell migration pre-sented a great challenge until, in the last three decades, a combination of biological, biophysical and mathematical approaches shed light on basic mechanisms of the cell migration. I will first focus on the simplest mode of cell locomotion, lamellipodial motility. I will describe models, based on nonlinear partial differential equations and free boundary problems, which predicted that individual keratocyte cells do not linger in a symmetric stationary state, but rather spontaneously break symmetry and initi-ate motility. The cells can either crawl straight, or turn, depending on mechanical parameters. I will show how experimental data supported the models.

Most cells, however, migrate collectively, not individually, and in 3D. I will introduce experimental data on collective migration of two heart progenitor cells in Ciona embryo. These cells crawl cohesive-ly squeezing between stiff ectoderm and elastic endoderm with persistent leader-trailer polarity. Most active and passive forces are concentrated in the 2D cortex of these cells, with hydrostatic pressure of the 3D cytoplasm assisting the cortex forces in generating stress balances optimizing the cell migra-tion. I will present a computational model that sheds light on design principles of this motile system.
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